Showing posts with label Rules. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Rules. Show all posts

Saturday, 30 June 2012

的=-ic; -li; -al; -like; -ish; -ly

How to use 的
E.g.一般=general, 一般的=generally

So: different ways to use 的
一般的な意見です。(的+な+Noun)
It is a generally held opinion.

一般的に普及しています。(的+に+Sentence)
It is in general use.

一般的です。(的+です)
It is general.


Some vocabulary involving 的
主観的(しゅかんてき)- Subjective(ly)
客観的(きゃっかんてき)- objective(ly)
合理的(ごうりてき)- rational(ly)
効果的(こうかてき)- effective(ly)
全体的(ぜんたいてき)- whole(lly)
否定的(ひていてき)- negative(ly)
肯定的(こうていてき)- affirmative(ly)
平均的(へいきんてき)- (on) average
専門的(せんもんてき)- specialized (professionally)
伝統的(でんとうてき)- traditional(ly)
論理的(ろんりてき)- logical(ly)
社会的(しゃかいてき)- social (ly)
精神的(せいしんてき)- spiritual (ly) / mental (ly)
封建的(ほうけんてき)- conservative (ly) / feudalistic (ally)
協力的(きょうりょくてき)- cooperative (ly)
画一的(かくいつてき)- stereotypical (ly)

Source: Pera Pera Penguin Vol. 7

Special usage of 思う and たい

私は作家になりたいです。= 私は作家になりたいと思います。
I want/I'd like to become an author. (Does not translate to 'I think I want to become an author')

とか

To break uncomfortable silences while you are searching for words, use とか as filler as follows:

~とか...~とか...

Example:
友だち:どんな食べ物が好きですか?
Poleさん:えーっと…さかなとか…肉とか…です。Let's see...I like fish...meat...and so on.

As seen from the example, also used to list several items. This is similar to や~など。

Source: Pera Pera Penguin Vol. 7

Thursday, 28 June 2012

When to use 母、父、お父さん、お母さん

父 and 母 - When introducing your parents to someone else.

John: あの方だれ?
Bob:あっ、父です。


お父さん and お母さん - When introducing someone else's parents to someone else, or when you talk to your parents.

John:そして田中のお父さんです。

山田:お父さん!どうしてビデオゲームをできないの?全部で宿題をしてしまったんだよ!

When to use other family terms:

Talking about them:
父(ちち)、母(はは)、兄(あに)、姉(あね)、弟(おとうと)、妹(いもうと)、祖母(そぼ)、祖父(そふ)、いとこ。

Calling them, talking to them, or talking about other people's family:
お父さん(おとうさん)、お母さん(おかあさん)、お兄さん(おにいさん)、お姉さん(おねえさん)、弟さん(おとうとさん)、妹さん(いもうとさん)、おばあさん、おじさん、いとこさん、ごりょうしん

Source:http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080603180324AAzm1ZB
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100924181747AAovYYE

Wednesday, 27 June 2012

ように

ように - In order to; so that.

ように is placed after a plain verb.

Examples:
分かるように、ゆっくり話してください。Speak slowly so I can understand you.
たくさんまちがえないように、よくかんがえてください。Please think carefully, so that you won't make a lot of mistakes.

Transitive and Intransitive I

Transitive verbs: These verbs are descriptions of actions that are being done by yourself. These are actions in which you have a direct hand in the result of the verb; the ones that you have a direct influence on.
e.g. 'I opened the door' is transitive, but 'the door opened' is intransitive.

Intransitive verbs: These are 'passive' verbs. These are actions that are done automatically, without your help. E.g. 'I woke up' is intransitive because it automatically happened, whereas
'I woke someone up' is transitive because you're doing the action.

General rules to help tell the difference between transitive and intransitive verbs.
Transitive: Usually end with える or  す sound.

Intransitive: Often end with ある、う or える sound.

Source: http://www.tofugu.com/2007/07/28/transitive-intransitive-confusing-yes/